====== rsync ======

===== get changes to separate dir =====

Option ''--compare-dest'' also compare destination files relative to DIR.
> If DIR is a relative path, it is relative to the destination directory

So to restore changes between remote DST and current folder ''.'' but save 
restored files in ''_RESTORED_BACKUP'' folder:
<code bash>
rsync --dry-run -v -ra -P -i --compare-dest=.. ${DSTHOST}:/backup/ _RESTORED_BACKUP
</code>

===== print why =====

rsync want to transfer - add ''-i'' option (''--itemize-changes''). Usefull also with ''-n'' ''--dry-run''.

===== local replication =====

[[https://superuser.com/questions/307541/copy-entire-file-system-hierarchy-from-one-drive-to-another|Copy entire file system hierarchy from one drive to another]]

<code bash>
rsync -avxHAXS --numeric-ids --info=progress2 / /new-disk/
</code>

<code>
-a  : all files, with permissions, etc..
-v  : verbose, mention files
-x  : stay on one file system
-H  : preserve hard links (not included with -a)
-A  : preserve ACLs/permissions (not included with -a)
-X  : preserve extended attributes (not included with -a)
-S, --sparse                handle sparse files efficiently

To improve the copy speed, add -W (--whole-file), to avoid calculating deltas/diffs of the files. 
</code>

===== between two remotes =====

Rsync cannot work with two remotes. As workaround SSH tunnel to remote host is created and rsync is spawned locally on src host.

[[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/183504/how-to-rsync-files-between-two-remotes|How to rsync files between two remotes?]]

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash -eux
SOURCE_USER=root
SOURCE_HOST=192.168.179.2
SOURCE_PATH="/public/image.iso"

TARGET_USER=root
TARGET_HOST=pve5
TARGET_PATH=/mnt/pve/cephfs/template/iso/

# Escape characters:
SOURCE_PATH=$(printf %q "$SOURCE_PATH")
TARGET_PATH=$(printf %s "$TARGET_PATH")


OPTS="--recursive --times --partial --progress --verbose --update --archive --stats"
OPTS="${OPTS} --bwlimit=400"
OPTS="${OPTS} --compress --compress-level=9"

# Test connection to accept remote host key
ssh -l $TARGET_USER -A -R localhost:22000:$TARGET_HOST:22 $SOURCE_USER@$SOURCE_HOST "ssh localhost -p 22000 -l root whoami"

ssh -l $TARGET_USER -A -R localhost:22000:$TARGET_HOST:22 \
$SOURCE_USER@$SOURCE_HOST "rsync -e 'ssh -p 22000' ${OPTS} \
${SOURCE_PATH} \
$TARGET_USER@localhost:${TARGET_PATH}"
</code>