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vm:proxmox [2020/05/17 20:16] – niziakvm:proxmox [2025/02/07 20:09] (current) – niziak
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   * [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Main_Page|Wiki]]   * [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Main_Page|Wiki]]
   * [[https://www.proxmox.com/en/training/video-tutorials|Video Tutorials]]   * [[https://www.proxmox.com/en/training/video-tutorials|Video Tutorials]]
 +  * [[https://community-scripts.github.io/ProxmoxVE/|Proxmox VE Helper-SCripts]]
 +
 +===== Upgrading =====
 +
 +Always upgrade with ''dist-upgrade'' !
 +<code bash>apt update && apt dist-upgrade</code>
 +
  
 ===== Installation ===== ===== Installation =====
  
 +  * BIOS:
 +      * Enable VT
 +      * Enable IOMMU
   * Choose ZFS   * Choose ZFS
     * Leave some free space on HDD for swap partition     * Leave some free space on HDD for swap partition
       * Click "Advanced Options" and manually set "hdsize"       * Click "Advanced Options" and manually set "hdsize"
-      * On system with 2x 2TB HDDs, Proxmox installer on ZFS RAID1 propose only ''hdsize=953MB''+      * Installer 6.1-2 BUG: On system with 2x 2TB HDDs, Proxmox installer on ZFS RAID1 propose only ''hdsize=953MB''. This issue gone with Proxmox 6.2.
     * Do not create swap on ZFS zvol!     * Do not create swap on ZFS zvol!
   * reboot   * reboot
   * manually configure  VLAN network from console [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Network_Configuration#_vlan_802_1q|VLAN 802.1Q]]   * manually configure  VLAN network from console [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Network_Configuration#_vlan_802_1q|VLAN 802.1Q]]
 +    * check if it is still necessary. Perhaps enabling ''VLAN aware birdge'' from GUI is enough
   * https://ip_address:8006   * https://ip_address:8006
 +
 +==== issues ====
 +
 +=== initramfs ===
 +Proxmox installed on ZFS RADI1. After reboot, Proxmox boots into initramfs.
 +From initramfs console:
 +<code bash>
 +zfs list
 +Try running '/sbin/modprobe zfs' as root to load them.
 +</code>
 +REASON: no root cmdline, because UEFI boot was used instead of grub loader.
 +SOLUTION: force legacy boot in BIOS
 +OR TRY: 
 +<code bash>
 +echo -n " rootdelay=5" >> /etc/kernel/cmdline
 +pve-efiboot-tool refresh
 +</code>
 +
 +=== initramfs ===
 +
 +REASON: ZFS invoked too soon: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/ZFS:_Tips_and_Tricks#Boot_fails_and_goes_into_busybox]]
 +<code bash>
 +modprobe zfs
 +zpool import -N -f rpool
 +exit
 +</code>
 +
      
 ==== post-installation tips ==== ==== post-installation tips ====
 +  * set MAC address prefix: `Datacenter` -> `Options`. Locally Administered Address Ranges are: <code>x2-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
 +x6-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
 +xA-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
 +xE-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
 +</code>
 +  * Speedup migrations to set unencrypted network traffic (in secured networks!): <file /etc/pve/datacenter.cfg>
 +migration: network=first_cluster_host_ip/22,type=insecure</file>
   * disable subscription repo:\\ <code bash>sed -i.bak 's|deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-enterprise|\#deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-enterprise|' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list</code>   * disable subscription repo:\\ <code bash>sed -i.bak 's|deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-enterprise|\#deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-enterprise|' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list</code>
   * add no subscription repo: <code bash>echo 'deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-no-subscription' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-sub.list</code>   * add no subscription repo: <code bash>echo 'deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-no-subscription' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-sub.list</code>
-  * upgrade +  * <code bash>apt-get update</code> 
-  * SMART disk monitoring\\ <file | /etc/smard.conf>+  * <code bash>apt-get upgrade</code> 
 +  * <code bash>apt-get install dropbear busybox-static --no-install-recommends</code> 
 +  * add Debian ''non-free-firmware'' repo to get microcode updates. 
 +    *  <code bash>apt install intel-microcode amd64-microcode</code> 
 +  * Update grub config: <file | /etc/default/grub> 
 +GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rootdelay=15 mitigations=off panic=30 nomodeset textonly video=vesafb:off video=efifb:off" 
 +</file><code bash>update-grub</code> 
 +  * SMART disk monitoring\\ <file | /etc/smartd.conf>
 #                             Short   1AM  Long  Sat    2AM #                             Short   1AM  Long  Sat    2AM
 DEVICESCAN -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././01|L/../../6/02) -m root DEVICESCAN -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././01|L/../../6/02) -m root
-</file>+</file><code bash>systemctl restart smartmontools.service</code>
     * More here: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Disk_Health_Email_Alerts|Disk Health Email Alerts]]     * More here: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Disk_Health_Email_Alerts|Disk Health Email Alerts]]
-  * (NOT NEEDED) Activate ZFS e-mail notification [[https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_zfs]]+  * Activate ZFS e-mail notification [[https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_zfs]] 
 +    * <code bash>systemctl enable --now zfs-zed</code>
   * Use own internal CA signed cert for Web UI: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#sysadmin_certificate_management|Certificate Management]]   * Use own internal CA signed cert for Web UI: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#sysadmin_certificate_management|Certificate Management]]
     * For clustering Proxmox is using own self signed certs! Do not replace them!     * For clustering Proxmox is using own self signed certs! Do not replace them!
- +  * Postfix relay:<code bash>apt-get install postfix bsd-mailx 
 +wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Tontonjo/proxmox/master/ez_proxmox_mail_configurator.sh 
 +bash ez_proxmox_mail_configurator.sh 
 +</code> 
 +  * Assign admin permissions: [[https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User_Management#_real_world_examples]] 
 +  * For HDDs storage, limit Proxmox operation speed to 100000KiB: <code bash>pvesm set local --bwlimit default=100000</code> 
 +    * repeat in for ''local'', ''local-zfs'', ''hdd-zfs'', ''hdd'' etc... 
 +    * to remove limit: <code bash>pvesm set local --delete bwlimit</code> 
 +  * For HDDs storage - force volume big block size. OpenZFS default was 8k. With OpenZFS 2.2 it was changed to 16k. But to reduce fragmentation and HDD seeks - set it to 128k <code bash>pvesm set hdd-zfs --blocksize 128k</code> 
 +  * Enable IOMMU  
 +    * in `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT` and add kernel parameter `intel_iommu=on` or `amd_iommu=on` 
 +    * <file /etc/modules> 
 +vfio 
 +vfio_iommu_type1 
 +vfio_pci 
 +vfio_virqfd 
 +</file>